ABSTRACT Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) have been used to guide the selection of suitable areas for aquaculture. This systematic review synthesizes the key suitability factors and constraints reported in the literature for establishing inland pond aquaculture. We searched for primary studies on Scopus and Web of Science according to preferred reporting items for systemic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Between 1991 and 2020, 354 articles were published in 104 academic journals. The maximum annual number of publications occurred in 2020, with 22 publications, and there is an increasing trend in studies published over the past 30 years. From 12 selected studies, we identified 48 suitability factors, 11 related to soil suitability, 19 to socioeconomic and infrastructure suitability, and 18 to water quality and availability. The most frequently used suitability factors were road proximity, local market center distance, soil texture, soil slope, and water temperature. We listed 15 constraints that restrict or limit the selection of specific geographic locations for inland aquaculture. Urbanized areas, roads, and forests were the most frequently restricted areas. Geotechnologies provide powerful tools for spatial planning and management of aquaculture. Availability, quality, and access to spatial data are critical for the use of geotechnologies in the process of aquaculture site selection.

Resumo A avaliação da fragilidade ambiental em bacias hidrográficas é uma importante ferramenta para auxiliar gestores no planejamento e intervenções para produção sustentável e conservação ambiental. O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar a lógica Fuzzy e o método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) para classificação de fragilidade ambiental. Como modelo de estudo foi utilizada a bacia hidrográfica do Arroio Marreco, Toledo, Paraná, Brasil. Para classificar as áreas foi utilizado um sistema de informação geográfico (SIG) e dados de um modelo digital de elevação (MDE), bem como dados de ocupação e tipo de solo. A análise constatou que 71,3% da área da bacia tem fragilidade média. Ao comparar com outras 2 formas de atribuição de peso aos elementos do mapa de declividade, as 3 apresentaram diferença estatística, mas todas indicaram que a bacia em estudo tem fragilidade ambiental média em sua maior parte. A utilização da lógica Fuzzy permitiu aplicar uma variação de pesos contínua conforme a variação das características ambientais, podendo representar de forma eficaz a realidade e, consequentemente, apresentar resultados mais confiáveis. Este método pode ser uma ferramenta útil no planejamento adequado das atividades antrópicas e práticas econômicas para evitar processos de degradação ambiental em uma bacia hidrográfica.

Abstract Assessment of environmental fragility in watersheds is an important tool to assist managers in planning and interventions for sustainable production and environmental conservation. The objective of this work was to use Fuzzy logic and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to classify environmental fragility using data obtained from public institutions. The Marreco River watershed in western Paraná, Brazil, was the study model. To classify areas, a geographic information system (GIS) and data from a digital elevation model (DEM), as well as data on soil occupation and type were used. The analysis found that 71.3% of the basin area has average fragility. Compared to two other forms of weighing elements of the slope map, the three presented statistical difference, but all indicated that the basin under study mostly has average environmental fragility. The use of fuzzy logic allowed application of a continuous variation of weights according to the variation of environmental characteristics, which may more effectively represent the reality and, therefore, provide more reliable results. This method may represent a useful tool to appropriately manage sustainable production and environmental conservation in watershed areas.